Video: Ependymoma – Update from the 5th Edition WHO Classification of CNS Tumors

This video is part of a multi-part series reviewing new changes incorporated into the new 5th edition of the WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system. This video utilizes a case-based format to review important changes in the classification of ependymomas. https://youtu.be/lMVTvFrisbw

Video: IDH – Mutant Astrocytoma: Update from the 5th Edition WHO Classification of CNS Tumors

This video is part of a multi-part series reviewing new changes incorporated into the new 5th edition of the WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system. This video utilizes a case-based format to review important changes in the classification of IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype diffuse gliomas. https://youtu.be/cfPaeNb04Z8

IDH – Wildtype Astrocytoma: A case-based illustration of updates from the 5th Edition WHO Classification of CNS Tumors

This video is part of a multi-part series reviewing new changes incorporated into the new 5th edition of the WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system. This video utilizes a case-based format to review important changes in the classification of IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype diffuse gliomas. https://youtu.be/rskXkeY6DN0

Dorsal Root Ganglion

The dorsal root ganglia consist of the cell bodies of sensory afferent neurons and are located along either side of the spinal cord. These unipolar neurons characteristically have large cell bodies, which are needed to support the very long axons that carry sensory information from the distal extremities to the cord. Normal ganglia (such as the one... Continue Reading →

Resorption of Embolic Material in Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)

Vascular brain lesions have increased risk of intracranial bleeding and, therefore, present a challenge to neurosurgeons attempting surgical resection.  Such tumors may first be embolized prior to surgical excision in order to reduce the risk of bleeding.  Onyx, an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, is one of many embolic agents available to accomplish this task.  Onyx has... Continue Reading →

Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)

Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) is a type of brain damage that affects fetuses and premature babies. At this stage of brain  development, the white matter surrounding the ventricles is particularly vulnerable to hypoxic (lack of oxygen) or ischemic (lack of blood flow) injury for a variety of reasons, including high metabolic demand in a location that... Continue Reading →

Brain Eating Amoeba

Naegleria fowleri, better known as "brain-eating amoeba", is a free-living amoeba that is a major cause of a rare brain infection called Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis, which typically affects young people with a history of swimming in warm fresh water such as a lake or stream. After entering the nose and crawling up the olfactory nerves... Continue Reading →

Malignant Meningitis

The brain is surrounded by several layers of protective coverings collectively called meninges.  The semi-translucent innermost layers, called the leptomeninges, form a "shrink-wrap" around the brain that allows for easy flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along the outer surface of central nervous system structures. Unfortunately, it also allows for easy spread of neoplastic cells.  The image shows the inferior aspect... Continue Reading →

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