A forum dedicated to the expansion in neuropathology knowledge for students and practitioners alike.
Life-sustaining blood is supplied to the brain by blood vessels, many of which run within the arachnoid layer covering the external surface before plunging into the deeper brain tissue. If the vessels are disturbed, either by trauma, infection, or other insults, blood may exit the vessel and collect in the subarachnoid space in a process called subarachnoid... Continue Reading →
Neurofibrillary tangles, like the one shown here, are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid plaques comprise the two characteristic neuropathologic findings of Alzheimer Disease, the most common neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive memory loss. This image was taken from an area of the brain that is often affected in Alzheimer Disease: the hippocampus, which is a... Continue Reading →
Epidermoid cysts (pictured here with surrounding brain tissue) are histologically characterized by a thin layer of squamous epithelium similar to the epidermal lining the skin. However, unlike skin (which sheds its outer layer of dead cells into the environment), the keratin debris of the sloughed-off upper layer of the epidermoid cyst build up within the cyst center resulting in... Continue Reading →
Giant Cell Glioblastoma, also called magnocellular or monstrocellular glioblastoma, is characterized by atypical cells that are extremely large, especially when compared to the non-neoplastic inflammatory cells seen on the left side of the image. The tumor has increased number of dividing cells, including typical mitotic figures (bottom left arrow) and atypical or granular mitoses (bottom... Continue Reading →
Tuberculosis, or TB, is characterized by the formation of granulomas that often have central necrosis, called caseous necrosis due to its cottage-cheese appearance on gross evaluation. Caseating granulomas characteristically have central necrosis surrounded by an immediate layer of macrophages and inflammatory cells, which, in turn, are surrounded by proliferating fibroblasts. This effort to contain the... Continue Reading →
Histopathological diagnosis of Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors explained (i.e. Neuroblastoma, Ganglioneuroblastoma, and Ganglioneuroma), with an example review of Ganglioneuroma. https://youtu.be/w9FEXK8tvJg
Diffuse axonal injury: Trauma that is strong enough to break long slender blood vessels is usually strong enough to break long delicate axons, too. Therefore, the presence of gross microhemorrhages in long white matter tracts, such as the corpus callosum, strongly suggests that diffuse axonal injury will be seen on microscopic evaluation of the axons comprising these white matter tracts. The image shows... Continue Reading →
Demyelinating lesions, such as those found in multiple sclerosis, typically contain numerous macrophages with abundant myelin debris filling the cytoplasm. Additionally, atypical and granular mitoses can be seen in demyelinating lesions, though they can also occur in gliomas. Follow us on Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube: Adventures in Neuropathology
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