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Video: Glioblastoma IDH Wildtype Histopathological Diagnosis
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Renal Cell Carcinoma Embolized with PVA
Renal cell carcinoma, a relatively common cancer of the kidney, is a highly vascular lesion that will typically bleed extensively during surgery. Just prior to surgery this renal cell carcinoma that had metastasized to the paraspinal soft tissue was embolized using PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), the blue foreign embolic material within the vessel lumen. This process of embolization was... Continue Reading →
Craniopharyngioma on Gross Examination of Brain
This cystic and solid suprasellar mass, seen on this brain cut in the coronal plane, represents the classic gross appearance of a craniopharyngioma with typical focal yellow calcifications. The solid parts on gross examination correlate with enhancing regions on MRI while the cystic regions characteristically contain "machine oil"-like fluid, which is not appreciated in this... Continue Reading →
Video: Acute Traumatic Brain Injury
A review of common gross findings of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI), including a discussion of herniation types and contusional patterns. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnPdJ77khgo&t=333s
Psammoma bodies in a psammomatous variant of meningioma.
Psammoma bodies, lamellated purple concretions composed of calcium and other ions, are commonly found in meningiomas and are particularly numerous in the psammomatous variant of meningioma, pictured here. Psammomatous meningiomas are low grade (WHO grade I) tumors that often have a gritty texture on gross evaluation due to increased numbers of psammoma bodies and dystrophic calcification often necessitating... Continue Reading →
Metastatic Cancers
Metastatic cancers (i.e. cancers that originate somewhere else and travel to the brain usually via the bloodstream) can occur singly or, as pictured here, as multiple lesions. Sometimes brain metastases represent the initial clue that the person has cancer somewhere else in the body, as was the case for this patient who was found to have three enhancing cerebral lesions... Continue Reading →
Intraventricular Meningioma
Although meningiomas are classically dura-based lesions, they can also arise in the choroid plexus and, thus, must be considered in the differential diagnosis for intraventricular lesions. This intraventricular meningioma, shown here, is growing underneath normal choroid plexus epithelium.
Video: Ependymomas explained.
Ependymomas are glial tumors that commonly harbor perivascular pseudo-rosettes, seen here, characterized by radially arranged tumor cells around a blood vessel core. https://youtu.be/UXDIYV_yMro
Video: Cryptococcus meningitis explained.
https://youtu.be/6nYyMnAxn_o Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis explained.
